What indicates a severe airway obstruction in an adult?

A severe airway obstruction in an adult is indicated when the individual is conscious but cannot speak. This scenario suggests that the airway is significantly blocked, preventing adequate airflow and the ability to vocalize, which is a critical sign of distress.

When an adult is unable to make sounds or speak, they are likely experiencing respiratory distress, indicating that the obstruction is severe enough to restrict airflow. It is essential to intervene quickly in this situation, as the individual may be at risk of losing consciousness if the obstruction isn't resolved promptly.

In contrast, if the adult is unconscious but can cough, it suggests that there is still some airflow, and the cough reflex is functioning, indicating that the obstruction may not be severe. Similarly, an adult who can breathe but cannot speak, or one who can cough but cannot breathe, are not experiencing a complete or severe obstruction of the airway as evidenced by their ability to perform these functions.